Prostate Cancer

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↑PSA / abnormal DRE

  1. Confirm: MRI + biopsy (Gleason score)
  2. Treat: Low-risk → active surveillance; localized → prostatectomy/radiation; metastatic hormone-sensitive → ADT + ARPI doublet (abiraterone/apalutamide/enzalutamide/darolutamide) for most; triplet (ADT + docetaxel + darolutamide or abiraterone) for fit, high-volume/de novo (ARASENS, PEACE-1) — ADT ± first-gen antiandrogen alone is substandard for mHSPC

Order set

  • PSA + DRE
  • MRI prostate
  • Biopsy (Gleason)
  • Staging by risk

Criteria

AdmitCord compression, obstruction, or severe pain
ICURarely
DischargeRisk-stratified plan; emergencies (cord/obstruction) managed

Key

  • PSA screening (USPSTF 2018): individualized shared decision-making age 55–69 (Grade C); do NOT screen ≥70 (Grade D).
  • Long-term ADT → bone protection (denosumab/zoledronate); metastatic disease → germline/somatic BRCA/HRR testing → PARP inhibitors.
Clinical detail — differentials, red flags, pitfalls, disposition
Red flags
  • Bone pain
  • Cord compression
  • Obstructive uropathy
Differentials
  • BPH
  • Prostatitis
  • Bladder pathology
Common mistakes
  • Over-screening low-risk men
  • Missing metastatic cord compression
Disposition & follow-up

Risk-stratified: surveillance vs surgery/RT vs ADT.

Discharge package
MedicationsADT/therapy per plan
Follow-upUrology/oncology; PSA monitoring
Warning symptomsBone pain, urinary retention, leg weakness (cord compression)
💊 Treatment detail — doses & preparation
GoserelinGnRH agonist
Dose3.6 mg SC q28 d or 10.8 mg q12 wk (prostate/breast)
PreparationDepot implant SC anterior abdominal wall
MonitorTumour flare in first weeks (add bicalutamide cover in prostate), testosterone level
Bicalutamideanti-androgen
Dose50 mg OD (with GnRH agonist; 150 mg monotherapy in some settings)
Preparation50/150 mg tablets
MonitorGynaecomastia, LFTs; flare protection at initiation
Docetaxeltaxane chemotherapy
Dose75 mg/m² IV q3 wk (prostate) with dexamethasone premedication
PreparationDilute per protocol, infuse 1 h; premed dexamethasone 8 mg BD ×3 d (from day before)
MonitorNeutropenia (nadir day 7), fluid retention, neuropathy
📖 EAU / NCCN Prostate CancerReviewed July 2026

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