ICU · Scoring chapter
ICU Clinical Scores
Choose an assessment, enter the required values, and see the final result with its component points. Every tool identifies its source and version.
For adult clinical assessment. Check the population, timing and units before use. Scores support clinical judgement; they do not replace diagnosis or determine treatment by themselves.
37 tools
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General ICU & sepsisSOFA (original)Quantify dysfunction across six organ systems.1996 / Sepsis-3 2016
General ICU & sepsisqSOFAIdentify an increased risk of poor outcome in adults with suspected infection.Sepsis-3, 2016
General ICU & sepsisNEWS2Track physiological deterioration using the National Early Warning Score 2.Royal College of Physicians, 2017
General ICU & sepsisSIRS criteriaCount systemic inflammatory response criteria.ACCP/SCCM, 1992
General ICU & sepsisSOFA-2Updated assessment of six organ systems, including modern organ support.2025 consensus and validation
General ICU & sepsisAPACHE IICalculate acute physiology, age and chronic health points.Knaus et al., 1985
General ICU & sepsisSAPS IICalculate the Simplified Acute Physiology Score II.Le Gall et al., 1993
Respiratory & pulmonary embolismCURB-65Assess mortality risk in community-acquired pneumonia.Lim et al., 2003
Respiratory & pulmonary embolismCRB-65Assess mortality risk in community-acquired pneumonia.Lim et al., 2003
Respiratory & pulmonary embolismSimplified PESIIdentify the lower-risk sPESI group in confirmed acute PE.Jiménez et al., 2010
Respiratory & pulmonary embolismPESICalculate the original Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index and class.Aujesky et al., 2005
CardiovascularHEARTStratify acute chest pain using history, ECG, age, risk factors and troponin.HEART authors’ scoring chart
CardiovascularTIMI — UA/NSTEMISummarise short-term ischaemic risk in unstable angina or NSTEMI.Antman et al., 2000
CardiovascularCHA₂DS₂-VAAssess thromboembolic risk in atrial fibrillation without the sex category.ESC atrial fibrillation guideline, 2024
CardiovascularCHA₂DS₂-VAScCalculate the established AF stroke-risk score including sex category.Lip et al., 2010 / US AF guideline 2023
CardiovascularHAS-BLEDIdentify bleeding risk factors during AF anticoagulation assessment.Pisters et al., 2010
Neurology, sedation & deliriumGlasgow Coma ScaleRecord eye, verbal and motor responses, then calculate the total.Structured GCS assessment
Neurology, sedation & deliriumRASSAssign a sedation or agitation level from the observed response.Richmond Agitation–Sedation Scale, 2002
Neurology, sedation & deliriumCAM-ICUApply the delirium assessment algorithm; this is not an additive severity score.Vanderbilt manual, 2016
Neurology, sedation & deliriumICDSCCount delirium features observed over a nursing shift.Bergeron 2001 / Tufts worksheet 2013
Neurology, sedation & delirium4ATRapid delirium and cognitive impairment screening.Official 4AT user guide
Neurology, sedation & deliriumICH ScoreSummarise initial severity of spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage.Hemphill et al., 2001
Neurology, sedation & deliriumNIH Stroke ScaleSum a trained examiner’s NIHSS findings.Standard NIHSS (15 scored items)
Clotting & thrombosis4Ts — HIT probabilityEstimate pretest probability of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.ASH HIT guideline, 2018
Clotting & thrombosisWells — pulmonary embolismCalculate pretest probability for suspected pulmonary embolism.Original weighted Wells; two-level interpretation
Clotting & thrombosisWells — DVTCalculate clinical probability of lower-limb DVT.Modified Wells; two-level interpretation (NICE NG158)
Clotting & thrombosisPadua VTE riskAssess venous thromboembolism risk in medical inpatients.Barbar et al., 2010
Clotting & thrombosisSIC — sepsis-induced coagulopathyScreen for coagulopathy in sepsis.ISTH SIC 2017; Iba et al. review 2024
Clotting & thrombosisISTH overt DIC — 2025Calculate the updated overt DIC score using assay-relative D-dimer.ISTH SSC updated scoring, 2025
Gastrointestinal & liverGlasgow–BlatchfordAssess risk of needing intervention in acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding.Blatchford et al., 2000
Gastrointestinal & liverBISAPAssess early severity risk in acute pancreatitis.Wu et al., 2008
Gastrointestinal & liverChild–Turcotte–PughClassify severity of cirrhosis from five clinical and laboratory components.Standard INR-based classification
Gastrointestinal & liverMELD 3.0Calculate the updated laboratory model for end-stage liver disease.Kim et al., 2021; adult formula
Kidney & nutritionKDIGO AKI stageDetermine the highest acute kidney injury stage from creatinine, urine output and renal support.KDIGO AKI guideline, 2012
Kidney & nutritionmNUTRICCalculate nutrition risk in critically ill adults.Modified NUTRIC (without IL-6), 2015/2016
Endocrine & traumaBurch–Wartofsky — thyroid stormQuantify features suggestive of thyroid storm.Burch and Wartofsky, 1993
Endocrine & traumaABC — major trauma bleedingSupport rapid assessment for massive transfusion in trauma.ACS TQIP Massive Transfusion in Trauma, 2014
This chapter covers commonly used adult ICU scores, risk models and assessment scales. Versions remain separate when their rules differ. Paediatric, neonatal and obstetric models are outside this chapter. Some scores are established older models, not newly issued guidelines.
Named source directory
- SOFA (original) — Singer et al. Sepsis-3, JAMA 2016 — Table 1 and qSOFA criteria; Vincent et al. The SOFA score, Intensive Care Medicine 1996
- qSOFA — Singer et al. Sepsis-3, JAMA 2016 — Table 1 and qSOFA criteria; Surviving Sepsis Campaign 2021 — recommendation against qSOFA as a single screening tool
- NEWS2 — RCP NEWS2 — scoring chart; RCP NEWS2 — thresholds and triggers
- SIRS criteria — Bone et al. ACCP/SCCM consensus definitions, Chest 1992
- SOFA-2 — Moreno et al. SOFA-2 consensus, JAMA Network Open 2025 — Table 3 and footnotes; Ranzani et al. SOFA-2 development and validation, JAMA 2025
- APACHE II — Knaus et al. APACHE II, Critical Care Medicine 1985; MSD Manual Professional — complete APACHE II scoring table
- SAPS II — Le Gall et al. SAPS II derivation, JAMA 1993; MIT Laboratory for Computational Physiology — SAPS II reference implementation
- CURB-65 — Lim et al. CAP severity derivation and validation, Thorax 2003
- CRB-65 — Lim et al. CAP severity derivation and validation, Thorax 2003
- Simplified PESI — Jiménez et al. Simplification of PESI, Archives of Internal Medicine 2010; MDCalc — simplified PESI criteria
- PESI — Aujesky et al. Prognostic model for PE, AJRCCM 2005; MDCalc — PESI point table and classes
- HEART — Six / Backus / Poldervaart — official HEART scoring chart and validation references
- TIMI — UA/NSTEMI — Antman et al. TIMI risk score for unstable angina/non-ST elevation MI, JAMA 2000; MDCalc — TIMI UA/NSTEMI components
- CHA₂DS₂-VA — ESC 2024 Guidelines for management of atrial fibrillation — CHA₂DS₂-VA; MDCalc — CHA₂DS₂-VA components
- CHA₂DS₂-VASc — Lip et al. Euro Heart Survey risk refinement, Chest 2010; 2023 ACC/AHA/ACCP/HRS Guideline for atrial fibrillation; MDCalc — CHA₂DS₂-VASc components
- HAS-BLED — Pisters et al. HAS-BLED, Chest 2010; MDCalc — HAS-BLED definitions
- Glasgow Coma Scale — Graham Teasdale / Glasgow Coma Scale — official assessment aid
- RASS — Vanderbilt ICU Delirium Group — CAM-ICU manual and RASS, 2016; Sessler et al. RASS validation, AJRCCM 2002
- CAM-ICU — Vanderbilt ICU Delirium Group — CAM-ICU manual and RASS, 2016
- ICDSC — Vanderbilt ICU Delirium Group — CAM-ICU manual and RASS, 2016; Bergeron et al. ICDSC validation, Intensive Care Medicine 2001
- 4AT — 4AT developers — complete user guide and scoring instructions
- ICH Score — Hemphill et al. The ICH Score, Stroke 2001; MDCalc — ICH score components
- NIH Stroke Scale — NIH / NINDS — NIH Stroke Scale and examination materials; NIHSS component table and special examination rules
- 4Ts — HIT probability — ASH 2018 HIT pocket guide — 4Ts table
- Wells — pulmonary embolism — Wells et al., Annals of Internal Medicine 2001; NICE NG158 — two-level Wells PE score; Wells PE point table
- Wells — DVT — NICE NG158 — two-level DVT Wells score; Wells DVT point table
- Padua VTE risk — Barbar et al. Padua Prediction Score, JTH 2010; Padua criteria table
- SIC — sepsis-induced coagulopathy — Iba et al. Original SIC criteria, BMJ Open 2017; Iba, Helms and Levy. SIC in management of sepsis, 2024
- ISTH overt DIC — 2025 — ISTH 2025 scoring table and article references — Practical Haemostasis
- Glasgow–Blatchford — Blatchford et al. Risk score for upper GI haemorrhage, Lancet 2000; NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde — GBS table and threshold
- BISAP — Wu et al. Early prediction of mortality in acute pancreatitis, Gut 2008; MDCalc — BISAP components
- Child–Turcotte–Pugh — University of Washington, Hepatitis C Online — CTP calculator; Pugh et al. Transection of the oesophagus for bleeding oesophageal varices, 1973
- MELD 3.0 — Kim et al. MELD 3.0, Gastroenterology 2021; University of Washington — MELD 3.0 formula and input bounds
- KDIGO AKI stage — KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for Acute Kidney Injury, 2012 — section 2.1, Table 2
- mNUTRIC — Critical Care Nutrition / Heyland group — official NUTRIC and modified NUTRIC tables
- Burch–Wartofsky — thyroid storm — Burch–Wartofsky criteria and interpretation; Endotext — thyroid storm and original Burch–Wartofsky figure
- ABC — major trauma bleeding — ACS TQIP — Massive Transfusion in Trauma, page 4
ICU · Scoring chapter
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